{"id":780,"date":"2021-06-01T04:20:34","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T04:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/habitatcdp.microwarecomp.com\/?page_id=780"},"modified":"2021-07-15T14:38:10","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T14:38:10","slug":"wall","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wall\/","title":{"rendered":"Wall"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-sm-12 p-0\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall_new-bann.jpg\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row contact-bg\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-sm-12 mt-4\">\n<h1 class=\"pt-3 pb-4\"><span class=\"b-buttom1\">Wall<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Walls are vertical surfaces constructed in continuance that divide an enclosed spaced. Walls also serves\nthe purpose of a structural element that transfer the load of roof to the foundation. Walls also acts as a partition which does not take any load\nin a non-load bearing structure.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">It is a structure defining an exact area and providing safety &#038; shelter. Walls are the only component of a house\nthat gives the building a proper structure and which accommodates doors and windows.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">It is known that choice of materials for walls is important for structural stability and acoustics in any building construction. But it is less\nknown that the choice of materials needs to be done carefully, striking the right balance between cost, quality, resource requirements, topographic\nenvironment and quality during building construction. There are mainly two types of walls, loading bearing and\nnon-loading bearing wall.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"float-left w-100 font-weight-bold\">Load bearing walls<\/h5>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/wall-1.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">It carries the weight of a house from the roof and upper floors, all the way to the foundation in a\nload bearing structure. This type of wall depends on types of buildings and their number of stories that are assessed to a suitable\nthickness to bear the weight above them. Without this wall, there is a chance for instability in walls\u2019 foundation works. These walls are\nof 8\u201d or more thickness. Such walls are made in first class bricks and rich mortar. The most commonly used load bearing wall is masonry\nwalls<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<h5 class=\"float-left w-100 font-weight-bold \">Non load bearing walls<\/h5>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/wall-2.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">These walls serve the purpose of dividing the space into required rooms in a framed structure. These can be\nmade into thin sections to save the space. Non load bearing walls are only partition having no load of super structure so these can be easily changed\nwhenever required to change the space of the room. These walls are built lighter with 3 inches, 4 inches and 9 inches thick as per the requirement\nof the site.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"pt-3 pb-4\"><span class=\"b-buttom\">Type of materials used for wall construction<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary \">In North Paravur the most widely adopted type of wall construction is load bearing walls in which masonry\nwalls are given preference. These walls form basic units for creating rooms that make up a house and are constructed above the plinth normally\non strip foundations. Brick walls are constructed using bricks and mortar where the bricks are joined with cement mortar in a special arrangement,\nusually an English bond. All construction systems of brick walls are such devised that vertical cross joints in any layers are staggered.\nThe bricks thus bonded form a solid mass that does not split when the wall is loaded with live loads and dead loads.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary \">Purpose of wall (in case of a load bearing wall construction) is to carry the load of the super\nstructure and roof. Whereas walls in case of a framed RCC or preengineered structure used as a weather barrier and also for ensuring privacy.\nWalls will divide and control different functions in a particular building. Materials for construction of wall can be selected by considering\nthe above facts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">It is known that choice of materials for partition walls is important for structural stability and\nacoustics in any building construction. But it is less known that the choice of materials needs to be done carefully, striking the right\nbalance between cost, quality, resource requirements, topographic environment and quality during building construction. In this section\nlet us look at the following 12 types of bricks used in building construction in Kerala.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"float-left w-100 font-weight-bold pt-2\">The materials widely used in masonry walls in North Paravur are:<\/h5>\n<div class=\"my-2 li-data\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall-3.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Solid concrete blocks or cement blocks<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Concrete block walls being the commonly used material are very strong, durable and fire resistant that\ncan handle high impact pressure. They don\u2019t require maintenance too often and don\u2019t emit any harmful or allergic chemicals. Installation of\nthe concrete block walls is not much labor intensive but need careful designing by professionals, which may add to its cost.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">For concrete blocks, the commonly available thickness is 200mm (8\u201d), 150mm (6\u201d) and 100mm (4\u201d) and these bricks can be used in\nframed structures as well. But for load bearing structures, 200mm thick block should be used. Concrete blocks should not be left\nun-plastered as it can result in deterioration with passing years.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall-4.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Laterite bricks<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Laterite stones were the widely used construction material for wall in the area. It has the capacity\nto retain coolness inside the walls thereby creating more comfortable interiors in summer. Laterite stones are nowadays not easily available\nin North Paravur. Laterite stones are mainly of 230mm thickness and are much heavier than the concrete blocks.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">The structural stability of laterite stones are being questioned nowadays due to the reduction in the length of the bricks as the vertical\njoints in the walls are getting closer thus resulting on cracks and reduced load bearing capacity of walls. These bricks are susceptible to\nabrasion when it is subjected to moisture for a very long period.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall-5.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Interlocking concrete block<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Interlocking bricks are gaining acceptance in construction these days due to its increased block stability\nand bonding. Cement consumption will be less than the brick work with cement mortar. Cement consumption for one cumecs conventional brick is\n65kg (brick of size 200mm x 100mm x75mm). But for interlocking mud bricks it is 18kg to 22kg cement. While using such bricks, the work can be\ncompleted in a fast track mode.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/wall-6.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Wire cut red bricks<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Red bricks if available locally is the best material one can use for construction of low rise\nbuildings due to the excellent heat retardation properties. Price of red bricks are usually higher, but heat inside the buildings will\nbe lesser as heat conductivity of cement is higher and bricks made using cement will have higher temperature inside the building.\nThe compressive strength of red bricks depends on how it is manufactured but it is comparatively less when compared with concrete bricks.\nSuch bricks are eco-friendly and fire resistant. Popularity of such bricks has been reduced due to less availability of sand and clay.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Some of the disadvantages of masonry walls are its heaviness and it requires a lot of skilled labor.\nTo run electrical, or any other wires or pipes in a brick wall, you have to first chase the wall. Then you can install a conduit &#8211; a plastic\npipe &#8211; in the wall, fill in the gap around the conduit with cement plaster, and then pull your electrical wires through the conduit. This takes\ntime and effort. Masonry walls cannot be constructed to an unlimited height &#8211; broadly speaking, most are considered stable only to a height of\n10-15 ft (3 &#8211; 4m). To construct a masonry wall higher than that, you have to design a special wall that has intermediate structural members to\nsupport the wall.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Masonry walls in load bearing structure rely mainly on their weight to keep them in place; each block or\nbrick is only loosely connected to the next via a thin layer of mortar. This is why they do not perform well in earthquakes, when entire\nbuildings are shaken horizontally. Many collapses during earthquakes occur in buildings that have load-bearing masonry walls. To avoid such\nissues, reinforced masonry wall can be adopted.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">A reinforced masonry wall is made with any type of brick, concrete or another type of masonry materials\nthat strengthened the use of other buildings materials to increase resistance to deterioration due to weight bearing or other forms of stress.\nAlong with usual masonry materials, steel rods are introduced into the structure, often using some type of vertical framework that allows\nbearing the weight of connecting walls and floors within the building.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">The purpose of this type of walls protects the walls from cracks and makes the strength to\nfight against unexpected earthquakes or other kinds of natural disasters. To defeat these problems, reinforced walls are used; and their\nquantity and spacing are based on walls and structure conditions. Reinforcement can be used both in horizontal and vertical\norder at a required layoff.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"float-left w-100 font-weight-bold\">Materials used for framed structure<\/h5>\n<div class=\"my-2 li-data\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/wall-7.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Fly ash clay bricks<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Fly ash brick (FAB) is a building material, specifically masonry units, containing class C or class F fly ash\nand water. The manufacturing method saves energy, reduces mercury pollution, and costs 20% less than traditional clay brick manufacturing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Fly ash bricks are lighter and stronger than clay bricks. Main ingredients include fly ash, water, quicklime or lime sludge, cement, aluminium\npowder and gypsum. Using these blocks in buildings reduces the dead load (2.6 kg, dimension: 230 mm X 110 mm X 70 mm), allowing one to save\naround 30 to 35% of structural steel, and concrete. The seepage of water will be reduced due to lower water penetration. It is considered\ncost efficient as same number of bricks will cover more area than clay bricks and eco-friendly too.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>\n<div class=\"float-left w-100\">\n<p class=\"float-right pl-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall-6.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">AAC blocks<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material suitable for\nproducing concrete masonry unit (CMU) like blocks. Composed of quartz sand, calcined gypsum, lime, cement, water and aluminium powder, AAC\nsimultaneously provides structure, insulation, and fire- resistance. The sizes available for the brick are 600mm x 200mm x 100-225mm. Joint\nmortar cost is at Rs. 750\/ 40kg Bag.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Besides AAC&#8217;s thermal insulating capability, one of its advantages is quick and easy installation, because the material can be routed,\nsanded, or cut to size on site using standard power tools with carbon steel cutters. AAC is well suited for high-rise buildings and those\nwith high temperature variations. These bricks are considered environmentally friendly as there is a decrease of 50% of greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">One of the disadvantages of AAC brick is that it is known to crack after installation. Mild cracks have been found in the wall constructed\nwith AAC even after plastering and they are brittle in nature<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Cellular light weight concrete block<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary \">Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) also known as Foamed concrete is one of the most significant type of\nconcrete used for construction purposes due to its various advantages and usages over traditionally produced concrete.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Foamed concrete is manufactured by mixing Portland cement, sand, fly ash, water and preformed foam in\nvaried proportions. One of the profound characteristics of specially formulated foamed concrete is the self-compacting property. The density\nof regular concrete is normally measured at 2400 kg\/m\u00b3 whereas the density of the foamed concrete ranges from 400 kg\/m3 to 1,800 kg\/m3. Some\nof the advantages of using such material are its cost effectiveness, environmental friendliness, fire resistance and thermal insulation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Foamed concrete is produced in varied ranges for different purposes:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"align-items: center;\">\n<div class=\"col-xl-3 col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-12 order-last\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" style=\"width: 100%;\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall-7.jpg\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-xl-9 col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-12\">\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">1. <b>The lower densities (400 \u2013600 kg\/m3):<\/b> CLC at this range of density are ideal for thermal and sound\ninsulations. They act as resistance against fire accidents, termite and moisture absorbent. They have also proved to be better substitute than\nglass wool, wood wool and thermocol.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">2. <b>The medium densities (800-1000 kg\/m3):<\/b> This density of foamed concrete is attained for manufacturing\npre- cast blocks for non-load-bearing brickwork. The size of blocks may vary based on the design and construction requirements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">3. <b>The high densities (1200kg\/m3 to 1800 kg\/m3).<\/b> This is structural- grade material used for: Construction\nof load-bearing walls and ceilings of low rise structures, Formation of partitioning walls, Production of pre-cast blocks for\nload -bearing brickwork.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Rammed earth wall construction<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Rammed earth dates back thousands of years. Many European castles and the Great Wall of China were built\nusing this technology. As the name implies, rammed earth construction involves the use of compressed earth. A mixture of earth consisting of\nthe right amount of sand, gravel and clay is poured into a mould or formwork. This earth mixture is rammed until it becomes rock solid. When\nproperly constructed, rammed earth walls can resist the various onslaughts of nature for a very long time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Stabilized mud block wall construction<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Stabilization is a technique of improving the properties of mud in such a way that it will possess the\nadequate wet strength, durability and dimensional stability (retains its shape and size both in dry and moist conditions) without burning.\nCompacting a mixture of sandy soil with 7% cement and small quantities of lime at optimum moisture in a press results in stabilised mud blocks\n(SMB). The overall energy consumption in SMB is quite small (about one-third) in comparison with the burnt bricks. Compaction of soil-stabilizer\nmix can be done by using a manually operated or a mechanised press. The press should be capable of generating sufficient force to produce a dense\nblock. It is advantageous to use a manually operated press to eliminate additional energy needs in terms of electricity or diesel.\nThe blocks have to be cured for three weeks by keeping the block surfaces moist. Additives like fly ash, quarry dust from crushers,\ngranite fines or stone dust from stone cutting and polishing industries and various other mine or factory wastes can be used effectively\nalong with the natural soil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Burned clay country burned bricks<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Burnt-clay bricks have good resistance to moisture, insects and erosion and create a good room environment.\nThey are medium in cost and have medium-to-high compressive strength. Bricks can be made with sophisticated factory methods, simple labour-intensive\nmethods or a range of mechanized technologies in between. The labour-intensive production methods are most suitable for rural areas where the\ndemand for bricks is limited. The bricks produced by hand will have relatively lower quality, especially compressive strength, and will tend\nto have irregular dimensions. However, they are economical and require little capital investment or transportation cost. Bricks made in this\nmanner have been used in buildings which have lasted for centuries. Their longevity has depended on the quality of the ingredients, the skill\nof the artisans and the climate in which they were used.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Inter lock type Porotherm Smart bricks (Brand Weinerberger)<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">The Hollow clay blocks by Porotherm Smart Bricks designed to provide better efficiency, durability,\nease of use and a host of other benefits that aid in cost- effective wall construction and comes in two types: Non-Load Bearing Clay Hollow\nBlocks and Load Bearing Clay Hollow Blocks. Under the brand name Porotherm Smart Bricks, Wienerberger India has been producing a range of\nperforated\/ Hollow Clay Blocks that aid in cost effective wall construction. All blocks are available in 3 sizes (400*200*200\/150\/100) and\ncome in half block version as well.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">Fibre cement boards panels<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">V \u2013 PANEL: Instant dry wall<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">V-panel is a cost effective and time saving solution for construction of dry walls. V-panel has all\nthe advantages of a masonry wall with added qualities preferred for construction. V-panel is a user-friendly product for installation\nand proves to be a better substitute for conventional walls and any other dry wall solutions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">V \u2013 BOARD<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">V-board is non-asbestos, autoclaved, fibre cement board, manufactured using the Hatcheck\nprocess and High Pressure Steam Curing (HPSC) technology. V-board has the composite matrix of non-asbestos cellulose fibres,\nOrdinary Portland cement, fine silica, quartz, fly ash and mineral additives. V-board is manufactured as per IS 14862-2000 norms\nand it also comes with textured surface finishes, to meet the requirements of modern building applications.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">SCG \u2013 Fibre cement boards<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">SCG Smart BOARD is a next generation fibre cement sheet with cellulose fibre, Portland cement,\nsilica and other admixtures that are manufactured under a highly controlled environment using the Firm &#038; Flex Technology. The Firm &#038;\nFlex Technology is achieved with the use of highest grade of raw materials, combined with a highly sophisticated manufacturing process.\nThe Firm &#038; Flex technology of SmartBoard and Smart\/WOOD system makes them strong and durable and flexible\/bendable at the same time.\nAs a building material, Smart\/BOARD is the biggest alternate to Natural Wood, Ply board, gypsum board and Wood composite facading\nmaterials with a lower price point and performance that is superior to Natural wood, Ply board, gypsum board and Wood Composites.\nAs a building component, Smart board wall system (SmartWALLS) is the biggest alternate for a brick or concrete block wall.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary font-weight-bold m-0\">FRBL \u2013 GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED GYPSUM LOAD BEARING (GFRG) PANELS<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">GFRG Panels can be used as load bearing wall panel for construction of buildings up to 6 to\n7 stories for residential or commercial purpose without the support of concrete column, beam or slab. The load bearing capacity of\nthe panel is 160 KN per meter. The application of prefabricated Gypsum wall include, Domestic housing, Multi \u2013storied construction,\nRoofing and compound walls. The Panels can also be used for intermediary floor slab \/ roof slab in combination with embedded RCC micro-beams\nand RCC screed concrete. By this process, manpower, cost and time of construction &#038; the use of scarce natural resources like river sand,\nwater, etc. is significantly reduced. 150mm thick @ Rs 950\/sqm<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"table-responsive py-3\">\n<table class=\"table table-stripped table-bordered table-hover\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"bg-info text-white text-center\">\n<th style=\"width: 80px;\">Sl.no.<\/th>\n<th>Type of wall<\/th>\n<th>Sizes available<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong>1.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong>Load Bearing Wall <br class=\"\"> (Load Carrying capacity 11 N\/mm2)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"text-center\">400x200x200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text-center\">400x150x200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text-center\">400x100x200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong>2.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong>Non &#8211; Load Bearing Wall<br class=\"\"> (Load Carrying capacity 4.2 N\/mm2)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"text-center\">400x200x200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text-center\">400x150x200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text-center\">400x100x200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Table:8 Type of wall and it&#8217;s available sizes<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"align-items: center;\">\n<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n<h1 class=\"pt-3\"><span class=\"b-buttom\">Specification of brick wall construction<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-xl-3 col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-12 order-last\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-thumbnail\" style=\"width: 100%;\" src=\"http:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/wall-8.jpg\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-xl-9 col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"my-3 li-data\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Bricks shall be laid in English Bond unless otherwise specified and for brick work in half brick wall,\nbricks shall be laid in stretcher bond.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Half or cut bricks shall not be used except as closer where necessary to complete the bond<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">All loose materials, dirt and set lumps of mortar which may be lying over the surface on which\nbrick work is to be freshly started, shall be removed with a wire brush and surface wetted.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Bricks shall be laid on a full bed of mortar, when laying, each brick shall, be properly bedded\nand set in position by gently pressing with the handle of a trowel. It\u2019s inside face shall be buttered with mortar before the next brick\nis laid and pressed against it. Joints shall be fully filled and packed with mortar such that no hollow space is left inside the joints.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">The walls shall be taken up truly in plumb and all courses shall be laid truly horizontal and all\nvertical joints shall be truly vertical. Vertical joints in the alternate course shall come directly one over the other.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">All pipe fittings and specials, spouts, hold fasts and other fixtures which are required to be built into\nthe walls shall be embedded, as specified, in their correct position as the work proceeds<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Where bricks cannot be cut to the required shape to form cut corners, cement concrete 1:2:4\n(1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) equal to thickness of course shall be provided in lieu of cut bricks<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">New built work shall be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin so as to prevent the mortar from\nbeing washed away.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"text-justify text-secondary\">Vertical reinforcement in the form of bars treated bars considered necessary at the corners\nand junction of walls and jamb opening doors, windows etc. shall be encased with cement mortar not leaner than 1:4 (1 cement : 4 coarse sand),\nor cement concrete mix as specified. The dia. of bars shall not be less than 8 mm and concrete grade shall be minimum 1:3:6.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"text-center mb-0\">Cost wise comparison of each material<\/h1>\n<div class=\"table-responsive pt-4 pb-5\">\n<table class=\"table table-stripped table-bordered table-hover text-center font-weight-bold\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"bg-info text-white text-center\">\n<th style=\"width: 80px;\">Sl.no.<\/th>\n<th>Material<\/th>\n<th>Source<\/th>\n<th>Unit<\/th>\n<th>AVG Rate in INR<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1.<\/td>\n<td>Cement concrete solid block-300x200x150<\/td>\n<td>Chalakka, Vedimara, Anachal, Mattupuram<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.<\/td>\n<td>Cement concrete  solid block-300x200x100mm<\/td>\n<td>Chalakka, Vedimara, Anachal, Mattupuram<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.<\/td>\n<td>Laterite brick<\/td>\n<td>Kizhakkambalam, Piravom, Ashtamichira, Mala, Moovattupuzha<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.<\/td>\n<td>Wire cut bricks<\/td>\n<td>Chovvara<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>7.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.<\/td>\n<td>Porotherm block 400x200x200mm (Load bearing)<\/td>\n<td>Palarivattom<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6.<\/td>\n<td>Porotherm block 400x200x150mm (Load bearing)<\/td>\n<td>Palarivattom<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7.<\/td>\n<td>Porotherm block 400x200x100mm (Load bearing)<\/td>\n<td>Palarivattom<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.<\/td>\n<td>Porotherm block 400x200x200mm (Non-Load bearing)<\/td>\n<td>Palarivattom<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9.<\/td>\n<td>Porotherm block 400x200x150mm (Non-Load bearing)<\/td>\n<td>Palarivattom<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10.<\/td>\n<td>Porotherm block 400x200x150mm (Non-Load bearing)<\/td>\n<td>Palarivattom<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11.<\/td>\n<td>AAC blocks 600x200x225mm (Brand Fusion)<\/td>\n<td>Thoppumpadi<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>135<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12.<\/td>\n<td>AAC blocks 600x200x200mm (Brand Fusion)<\/td>\n<td>Thoppumpadi<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>13.<\/td>\n<td>AAC blocks 600x200x200mm (Brand Fusion)<\/td>\n<td>Thoppumpadi<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14.<\/td>\n<td>AAC blocks 600x200x200mm (Brand Fusion)<\/td>\n<td>Thoppumpadi<\/td>\n<td>No.s<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Wall Walls are vertical surfaces constructed in continuance that divide an enclosed spaced. Walls also serves the purpose of a structural element that transfer the load of roof to the foundation. Walls also acts as a partition which does not take any load in a non-load bearing structure. It is a structure defining an exact [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-780","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=780"}],"version-history":[{"count":68,"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3319,"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/780\/revisions\/3319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdp.habitatindia.net\/ml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}